CRISPR Exposed: How Bacteria’s Immune System Became the Gene-Editing Revolution
Scientific background and discovery of CRISPR CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) was first observed as odd repeating DNA sequences in bacteria by Ishino et al. in 1987 pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, but its function remained mysterious for years. In the 1990s, microbiologists like